> Preliminary — Applicability, Extent & Definitions— Unified definition of "Wages" and its inclusions/exclusions.
> Minimum Wages : Floor Wage by Central Govt , Fixation & Revision of Minimum Wages, Components of minimum wages
> Payment of Wages: Mode of payment ), Wage period, Time limit for wage payment, Deductions from wages — types and limits
> Payment of Bonus : Eligibility, Computation, Set-on & Set-off, Minimum & Maximum bonus, Applicability
> Gender Equality — Equal remuneration for equal work — no discrimination in recruitment & conditions
> Advisory Boards — Central & State Advisory Boards — composition & functions
> Claims & Disputes mechanism — Single application for all wage-related claims, Time limit for filing claims.
> Inspector-cum-Facilitator — Dual role: inspection & guidance , Web-based inspection scheme.
> Offences & Penalties — Compounding of offences, Graded penalty structure for repeated violations.
> Landmark judgments on wages — Surendra Kumar Verma, Airfreight Ltd., and latest judicial interpretations

> Preliminary — Key Definitions: Industry, Industrial Dispute, Strike, Lock-out, Lay-off, Retrenchment, Workman, Appropriate Government etc.
> Bipartite Forums : Works Committee for 100+ workers, Grievance Redressal Committee.
> Trade Unions : Registration process, Rights of registered TUs, Recognition of Negotiating Union/Negotiating Council, Unfair labour practices by TUs & Employers.
> Standing Orders : Applicability to establishments with 300+ workers , Model Standing Orders, Certification process.
> Notice of Change in conditions of service.
> Conciliation : Conciliation Officers, Conciliation proceedings, Board of Conciliation.
> Industrial Tribunals & National Industrial Tribunal : Constitution, Jurisdiction, Powers.
> Strikes & Lock-outs.
> Lay-off, Retrenchment & Closure.
> Fixed Term Employment : Equal benefits as permanent workers, No notice/retrenchment compensation on expiry, Gratuity.
> Worker Re-skilling Fund : Contribution by employer , Fund for retrenched workers.
> Landmark judgments: Bangalore Water Supply, Workmen of Dimakuchi Tea Estate, and latest case law.

> Preliminary — Extended applicability: Organised, Unorganised, Gig Workers & Platform Workers included for the first time.
> Social Security Organizations : Central Board of Trustees (EPF), ESI Corporation, National & State Social Security Boards.
> Employees' Provident Fund (Chapter III): Applicability , Contribution rates, EPF Scheme, EPS & EDLI, Transfer & withdrawal provisions.
> Employees' State Insurance : Applicability , Contribution rates, Benefits.
> Gratuity : Applicability, Eligibility , Calculation formula, Maximum limit, Forfeiture provisions.
> Maternity Benefit : Paid leave, commissioning/adopting mothers, Work from home provisions, Crèche facility.
> Employees' Compensation : Employer's liability for workplace injury/death, Compensation calculation, Commissioner for determination of disputes.
> Social Security for Unorganised Workers, Gig Workers & Platform Workers : Registration on portal, Schemes by Central & State Govts, Social security fund.
> Cess on Aggregators -innovative provision.
> Assessment, Compliance & Recovery : Self-assessment, Inquiry by authorised officer, Recovery as arrears of land revenue.
> Landmark judgments: Regional PF Commissioner v. Vivekananda Vidya Mandir, ESIC decisions, and latest case law on gratuity & social security

> Preliminary — Applicability.
> Registration of Establishment : Single online registration portal, One registration for multiple labour laws, Deemed registration.
> Duties of Employers : Provide safe workplace, Ensure no risk to health, Free annual health examinations, Appointment of Safety Officers & Committee.
> Health & Working Conditions : Cleanliness, Ventilation, Temperature, Dust & Fume control, Drinking water, Latrines & Urinals, Lighting standards.
> Safety Provisions : Fencing of machinery, Precautions against fire, Safety policy, Emergency standards, Dangerous operations, Notice of accidents.
> Welfare Provisions : Washing facilities, First aid, Canteens, Crèche, Shelters, Welfare officers.
> Working Hours & Leave , Overtime at 2x wages, Weekly holidays, Annual leave with wages, Festival holidays, Compensatory holidays
> Employment of Women : Women allowed to work in night shifts.
> Contract Labour & Inter-State Migrant Workers Single licensing system, Principal employer's duties, Migrant worker benefits — journey allowance, displacement allowance, helpline.
> National & State OSH Advisory Boards: Composition, Functions, Policy recommendations.
> Special Provisions for Factories, Mines & Docks.
> Offences & Penalties — Graded penalty structure, Compounding provisions, Imprisonment for causing death/serious injury.

> Supreme Court landmark decisions on definition of "Wages" and its components.
> Judicial interpretation of "Industry" — Bangalore Water Supply case & its impact under IR Code.
> Case studies on retrenchment, closure & lay-off under the new threshold provisions.
> Landmark ESI & EPF cases — applicability disputes, coverage issues, benefit claims.
> Gratuity — forfeiture, calculation disputes, continuous service interpretation.
> Maternity benefit disputes — recent judicial trends & employer obligations.
> Contract labour — principal employer liability, abolition cases, disguised employment.
> Gig economy & platform workers — emerging jurisprudence in India and globally.
> Industry-specific case studies: IT, Manufacturing, Healthcare, Construction, Retail, Logistics.
> Practical scenarios & problem-solving exercises for each code.

> One-portal compliance system — Single registration, single return, single license concept.
> Inspector-cum-Facilitator regime — Web-based randomized inspection, Facilitation vs. prosecution approach
> Compounding of offences — How to compound, which offences are compoundable, procedure
> Compliance checklist for HR & Compliance teams — Registration, Returns, Records, Display requirements
> Transition planning — Migrating from old laws to new codes, Impact assessment, Gap analysis
> Technology & compliance — Digital portals, e-filing, e-payment, Shram Suvidha Portal
> State-wise implementation status & State Rules analysis
> Drafting employment contracts, standing orders, HR policies aligned with new codes
> Best practices for compliance management — Risk assessment, Audit, Internal controls